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Overview

A fungal sinus infection occurs when fungi grow in the sinuses, often due to inflammation or blocked drainage. Common symptoms include congestion, facial pressure, and thick or discolored nasal discharge. Most cases are non-invasive and simple to treat, but invasive forms can be serious and require extensive medical attention. Diagnosis may require imaging or endoscopy, and treatment can include medications, antifungal rinses, or procedures to restore drainage. 

If you think you have a fungal sinus infection, book an appointment with one of our board-certified specialists.

What is Fungal Sinusitis?

A fungal sinus infection, also known as fungal sinusitis, occurs when fungi grow or cause inflammation within the sinus cavity. Fungal spores occur naturally and are present in the air we breathe every day, but they usually do not cause illness in healthy individuals. However, fungal spores may settle in the sinuses and cause irritation, allergic reaction, or infection. Fungal sinus infection symptoms range from mild reactions, such as inflammation, to more serious symptoms that could require immediate medical attention. Because symptoms can sometimes resemble those of other sinus conditions, a thorough evaluation by a specialist is important to determine the exact cause. 

How Do You Get a Fungal Sinus Infection? 

Fungal sinus infections typically occur after fungal spores are inhaled into the nasal passages and sinuses. Spores are microscopic and a natural part of our environment, commonly found in soil, dust, and decaying plants. Most people breathe them in daily without becoming ill, but under certain conditions, fungi may be more likely to form within the sinuses.

Often, fungal sinusitis develops after the sinuses become blocked or inflamed. When mucus cannot drain properly, it may create an environment where fungi are more likely to grow. For some, exposure to mold or fungi can trigger an allergic reaction rather than an infection. This can lead to inflammation known as allergic fungal sinusitis.

Health factors may also increase the risk of developing a fungal sinus infection. People with nasal polyps, diabetes, a weakened immune system, or chronic sinus inflammation are more vulnerable.

Types of Fungal Sinusitis

Fungal sinusitis is classified into two main categories: non-invasive and invasive. The distinction is based on whether the fungus remains on the surface of the sinus lining or spreads into surrounding tissue.

Non-invasive forms are the more common type and can occur in healthy individuals. Invasive forms are less common but can be more serious and require timely medical attention.

Common Non-Invasive Fungal Sinus Infection

Allergic Fungal Sinusitis

Allergic fungal sinusitis occurs when the immune system reacts to fungi present in the sinuses. This response leads to chronic inflammation, thick mucus production, and sinus blockage. It is common in patients with asthma, nasal polyps, or ongoing sinus conditions. 

Sinus Fungal Ball

A sinus fungal ball (mycetoma) is a collection of fungal material in the sinus cavity. While it does not affect surrounding tissue, it can obstruct normal drainage and lead to severe pressure and congestion. 

Common Invasive Fungal Sinus Infection

Acute Invasive Fungal Sinusitis

Acute invasive fungal sinusitis is a rare but aggressive condition in which fungi invade sinus tissue and spread beyond the sinuses. In most cases, it affects individuals with weakened immune systems, and urgent medical treatment is required. 

Chronic Invasive Fungal Sinusitis

Chronic fungal infection develops at a gradual pace but still involves invasion into the surrounding tissue. Symptoms are often subtle at first and may include ongoing congestion or facial pressure, but this can worsen over time if left untreated. 

Fungal Sinus Infection Symptoms

Symptoms can vary depending on the type of infection and the severity of the condition. Some symptoms overlap with other sinus conditions, which is why evaluation is important.

Common symptoms include:

• Nasal congestion
• Facial pressure or sinus pain
• Postnasal drip
• Discolored nasal discharge
• Reduced sense of smell
• Headaches

If you’re experiencing symptoms, it could be related to chronic sinusitis or another underlying condition.

Is Fungal Sinusitis Dangerous?

Most cases of fungal sinus infections, particularly non-invasive types, aren’t dangerous and can be managed with the right care. However, invasive fungal sinusitis may become serious if it spreads outside of the sinuses. 

How to Test for Fungal Sinus Infection

Diagnosing a fungal sinus infection requires evaluation by a specialist. Because symptoms resemble other sinus conditions, additional testing may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.

Evaluations often include:

• Nasal endoscopy to examine the sinus passages
• CT imaging to better access the fungal growth
• Laboratory testing as needed

An ENT doctor can assess your symptoms and determine whether they stem from a fungal sinus infection or another underlying condition.

Fungal Sinusitis Treatment

Our ENT providers will begin by discussing the severity of your symptoms and testing a sample to identify the type of fungus, which can establish the kind of personalized treatment plan you need for relief. Non-invasive cases may be treated with medication and basic sinus care, while more advanced cases may require procedural intervention.

Treatment options may include:

• Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and swelling.
• 
  Minimally Invasive endoscopic procedure to remove fungal material and restore sinus drainage
• Antifungal sinus rinse

Preventing Fungal Sinus Infection

Fungal sinus infections aren’t always preventable, but managing underlying conditions may reduce your risk. Some preventative steps may include:

• Controlling allergies and inflammation
• Avoiding prolonged exposure to mold or damp environments
• Maintaining proper sinus hygiene
• Seeking care for persistent sinus symptoms

We Are ENT Specialists for Sinus Infections in Metro Atlanta, GA 

If you’re experiencing sinus symptoms and suspect a fungal sinus infection, our sinus doctors are ready to provide a comprehensive evaluation and treatment tailored to your needs. Find the care you need across metro Atlanta, including Marietta, East Cobb, and Buckhead.

Other Frequently Asked Questions

What Kills Fungus in the Sinuses?

Other treatments may be used to support recovery, but are not always necessary. Antifungal medications are not routinely used, though they may be helpful in select cases. Corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation and relieve pressure, and saline nasal rinses may be recommended to keep the sinuses clean during healing

Is it a Fungal or Bacterial Sinus Infection?

There are several overlapping symptoms between fungal and bacterial sinus infections, including a reduced sense of smell, nasal congestion, and headache. However, bacterial sinus infections typically follow a viral upper respiratory infection or allergies that create an environment where bacteria can thrive. Fungal sinus infection symptoms often include thick yellow, green, or black nasal discharge. An exam from a specialist is needed to determine the type of infection.